Background: Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and Emergency Department (ED) nurses have faced several (MORAL) challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. The factors associated with nurses’ (MORAL) distress (MD) can vary depending on the cultural context. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the relationship between MD, SPIRITUAL well-being (SWB), and (MORAL) intelligence (MQ) of nurses in ICUs and EDs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020. The data were collected using self-report questionnaires, including those for personal and professional profiles, Corley’s (MORAL) Distress Scale-Revised, Paloutzian & Ellison’s SPIRITUAL Well-being, and Lennick & Kiel’s (MORAL) Intelligence. Of the 543 nurses working in the ICUs and EDs of hospitals in Zanjan Province (Iran), 370 participants were selected by census sampling. Results: The study results indicated that 90.8% of nurses experienced high MD. The results of the partial correlation test showed no statistically significant relationship between nurses' MD and their SWB or MQ (P > 0.001). Nurses with an associate's degree (P = 0.019) and those working in the EDs (P = 0.001) and the COVID-19 care center hospital (P = 0.001) had higher levels of MD. Religious well-being and the educational level of nurses could predict only 2.5% of the variations in nurses’ MD. Conclusions: This study showed that SWB and MQ of nurses are not related to nurses’ MD, unlike environmental factors. It is recommended that managers provide more support to reduce nurses’ MD in critical situations, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: Ethical living is a lifestyle in which all areas of human existence and work are formed and flow around ethics. That is, a person who wants to live (MORAL)ly, in all areas, tries to know the ethical considerations related to that area and follow them in practice and live according to them. The current article is research on the (MORAL) system of Thomas Aquinas with a focus on examining the nature of the (MORAL) goal of human life and the (MORAL) rationality of such a life. Material and Methods: The present review study examined bioethics from the perspective of Thomas Aquinas in a descriptive manner. In order to achieve this goal, articles related to research keywords from Thomson Information Institute, Science Direct and Pub Med were examined and books related to the views of Thomas Aquinas were studied. Conclusion: The results of this study show that according to Thomas Aquinas's view on man, becoming like God and realizing God's image in material life and seeing God in the hereafter is the (MORAL) goal and eternal happiness of man. Also, Thomas Aquinas believes in the (MORAL) rationality of such a life from both perspectives-having a reason to live (MORAL)ly and the usefulness of such a life.

The Attitude Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him and his family) to treatment comprises ontological, ethical, jurisprudential and, medical dimensions among others. This article studies Prophet Muhammad's mysticism and (MORAL) attitude toward medical treatment to investigate them from a mystical point of view and to examine physician’s (MORAL) behavior throughout the healing process.The study is based on the Quran and prophetic traditions as well as Shia and Sunni interpretations, and used documentary and library research. The results show that Prophet Muhammad perceives medical treatment to depend solely on God's command, and even refers to God as “the Healer”, whom he believes to be the only provider of cures. The prophet considers doctors as compassionate souls who serve patients with tolerance and are not detached from the process of treatment, but are vessels for the grace of God, and He therefore advises his companions to follow the recommended procedures. He believes medicines to be a gift from God and maintains that there is a cure for each ailment. According to the (MORAL) teaching of Prophet Muhammad, physicians must possess the necessary expertise, try to find proper treatments, and avoid seeking cures through forbidden activities.The mystical prophetic teaching asserting that God has revealed a cure for every ailment is an important notion that can be used as a methodology proposition to deliver medicine from related paradigmatic crises. Furthermore, other mystical views held by Prophet Muhammad can provide a monotheistic backdrop to the healing process and define the (MORAL) principles of treatment. Ethical principles of medicine and treatment can also promote professional commitment as a sort divine responsibility and thus enhance the physician’s professional accountability.

The purpose of this study is to delineate the three seemingly overlapping concepts of (MORAL) education, SPIRITUAL education, and religious education. Adopting a descriptive-analytical approach, it was attempted, first, to draw some boundaries between the three concepts. The following two pivotal questions are raised in the present study: first, is SPIRITUAL education a subset of religious education or vice versa. and what about (MORAL) education. In other words, how can the domain of the triple concepts be specified? Secondly if religious education encompasses SPIRITUAL education, then how comes that some secular individuals do actions which seem impossible without resorting to some sort of metaphysical power? While acknowledging the close interrelationships of the three concepts, we conclude that the ultimate goal of (MORAL) education is SPIRITUAL education and the ultimate goal of SPIRITUAL education is religious education. Moreover, there are two types of SPIRITUALity; non-religious SPIRITUALity and religious SPIRITUALity. The former empowers the soul within certain limits while there seems no limits to the power of religious SPIRITUALity.

This study, "Relationship of 21 hour news networks, one a Syma and political PARTICIPATION" is done. The purpose of this study was to use the technique of cross - sectional survey was conducted and data collection practices. Population survey of students at Tehran University East School of Humanities and to determine sample size of 3133 patients, a sample of 100 patients was obtained using the formula. First, in terms of field sampling, the population of each group was randomly sampled. 25 components in the form of a questionnaire based on a Likert-set is open and closed questions and research data using SPSS software to analyze is.Results Show Between “Relationship of 21 hour news networks one Syma, and political PARTICIPATION" There is a direct correlation between It has been assumed by the Increasing the PARTICIPATION rate of the 21-hour news network is a TV Thus, the 95% confidence can be judged That the students were much more than a 21 hour news network to use a Vision As well as higher levels of political PARTICIPATION and vice versa where.

Ethics and its related principles have long been considered by researchers and thinkers in various fields. Paying attention to these principles is of undeniable importance due to its positive impact on organizational decision-making systems. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of SPIRITUAL intelligence and (MORAL) courage in the occurrence of (MORAL) behaviors among accountants in government agencies. The statistical population is all accountants of government agencies in 2020. Using Morgan table, 278 people are selected. Standard questionnaires were used to measure the variables and in order to test the hypotheses, the methods of factor analysis, agreement correlation table and chi-square test using SPSS and LISREL software are used. The results show that a high level of SPIRITUAL intelligence in the occurrence of (MORAL) behaviors has a significant relationship with the permissible (MORAL) behavior pattern. The findings of the study indicate that a low level of SPIRITUAL intelligence in the occurrence of (MORAL) behaviors is related to the pattern of (MORAL) adaptation behaviors. It is also determined that a high level of (MORAL) courage in the occurrence of (MORAL) behaviors is related to the pattern of (MORAL)ly permissible behavior. Finally, it is found that a low level of (MORAL) courage is effective in the emergence of (MORAL) behaviors with a behavioral pattern of (MORAL) adaptation.

This article introduces, analyzes, and criticizes the work of Lawrence M. Hinman, Ethics: A Pluralistic Approach to (MORAL) Theory. Hinman is a Philosopher of Ethics in the multimedia learning. He believes that multiculturalism is important factor of nowadays so the most important responsibility of philosophers of Ethics is prevention of (MORAL) conflict. The global communication and information in 21st century needs global tolerance and respect of various nations, cultures, and (MORAL)ities together because different people and societies have a common human nature and common natural rights that obligate to justice and (MORAL) relationship between different people and various societies’ beliefs throughout the world. (MORAL) communication in multiculturalism approach is against racial, gender, national, and ethnic prejudice. Hinman believes in (MORAL) dialogue and global learning across different cultures. The book of Ethics: A Pluralistic Approach to (MORAL) Theory has a proper category of new ethical problems, and the candid standpoint of author is considerable. He has a logical method, and in the end of every part of book there are some questions for evaluation of students learning. So this book is proper for the philosophy of ethics in universities.

Introduction: Alternative punishments of imprisonment, which are called as a new approach of the penal system to fight against the negative consequences of prison, have many effects and consequences that need to be investigated. Therefore, in this study, while examining the types of alternative punishments, the (MORAL) and social effects of the implementation of these punishments have been explored. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted using an analytical-descriptive method. In this study, in order to provide an appropriate answer to the question presented, by referring to the theoretical bases (books) and articles published in the ISC, Magiran, Civilica, SID and Ensani in the years 2011 to 2023 and with the method of extracting the existing legal provisions, the effectiveness of this type of punishment was also criticized in reaching the intended goals. Conclusion: The results of this study show that with the implementation of such punishments, the level of public trust, the growth of (MORAL)s and social capital in the society will also improve. Therefore, the implementation of these punishments, while reducing the criminal population of prisoners and reforming them, provides better implementation of social justice and improvement of public trust, emotional and financial support for the families of criminals